古代建筑匠师常备工具书 经典珍藏版——鲁班经（明·午荣 著）大32开432页 平装 压模本 非馆藏 天一阁收藏的《船政》一书，是南京兵部车驾司收录的官方档案文书，其中有大量绘制详细的船舶图纸，确保船厂能够以最大效率，生产高质量船舶。

而且中国古代造船，在分工环节上，更有一个领先世界的工艺：定龙骨。早在宋代起，中国人就知道，造船先定龙骨，特别是航海的大船，都是先确定龙骨结构，然后以船舶龙骨为基础，进行分项施工。拥有“龙骨”的船舶，自然造得更快更稳。航海时代的西方，一直到十九世纪初，才有这项工艺。

参考资料：

In 1923, tsinghua university, interest in reading of the liang sicheng art He considered to study in the United States, but no decision learn anything At that moment, from Europe to recommend returning LinHuiYin for their architecture She said: "the western classical architecture inspired me, that I am filled with desire to bring some home We need to make a hundred immortal architectural theory construction!" Hence two people meet test-taker number Thus, an architecture art and engineering, became their lifelong career

One day, liang sicheng LinHuiYin and received a package from the motherland, the song dynasty is an ancient building ", the author li commandment This is a book of the northern song dynasty, official architectural design manual and buildings like the technical specification, had no man books can understand Liang sicheng on their own knowledge, this is the gobbledygook unique architectural language in western and system, may be the key to open the Chinese architecture

Books are the father of liang sicheng, liang qichao and found the building of this book was printed manuscripts and ZhuQi bells, liang qichao's friend, he later created the first study of Chinese ancient Chinese academic institutions, build society -

Liang sicheng LinHuiYin and learn homecoming, with "create French" to shenyang, in the northeast university as a principal chang established architecture But the September 18th incident, "they just started the interruption Hence, liang sicheng join ", "China construction society of the French research focused on building

Liang sicheng LinHuiYin and the wedding is carefully choosing, it is the author of "building the birthday; lee, And their son named LiangCongJie, and li commandment Say "build" this has become a French life affects liang sicheng a force

Then, by way of the field investigation liang sicheng, in a nationwide survey of ancient He heard someone saw a photograph, and ancient ShunTengMoGua, bus bumped into a small town with a long, finally found a majestic building, it is the earliest extant in China, was founded in 152 Accordingly, he published the first Chinese ancient science report: "jixian terraces of GuanYinGe temple stand

Hebei folk tunes "small cattle in zhaoxian county sing:" a wooden bridge, the tower" Liang sicheng, since the bridge in zhaoxian county to the wooden tower, it shouldn't fictitiousing zero He was found on so!

In the hinterland of hardships is liang sicheng unbelievable, but we can realize he turns exciting moments TaPoTieXie, "at dusk, I suddenly saw in the dark purple background a flash of gem -- that is near the mountains around a red-and-white pagoda reflects the golden sunset"

Liang sicheng even unarmed climb 10 meters high, thousands of DaCha root bridge, he finished the China's earliest existing fu-gong temple of all the surveying and mapping work

回答者： ttgttgttg - 经理 五级 2-18 16:10

1923年，在清华大学读书、爱好美术的梁思成快毕业了。他考虑到美国留学，但没有决定学什么。此时从欧洲归来的林徽因向他推荐了自己热衷的建筑。她说：“西方的古典建筑启发了我，使我充满了要带一些回国的欲望。我们需要一种能使建筑百年不朽的建筑理论！”于是两个人相约一起赴美留学。就这样，集艺术与工程一体的建筑，成了他们毕生的事业。

一天，梁思成和林徽因收到一个来自祖国的包裹，包裹里面是一部宋代古籍《营造法式》，作者叫李诫。这是一本北宋官订的，类似建筑设计手册和建筑技术规范的专著，当时已没有人能看懂。梁思成凭借自己学养感受到，这本天书所蕴涵的是不同西方的独特的建筑语言和体系，有可能是打开中国建筑史的一把钥匙。

书是梁思成的父亲梁启超寄的，而发现《营造法式》手抄本并刊印了此书的朱启钤，是梁启超的朋友，他后来创建了中国第一个研究古建筑的学术机构，——中国营造学社。

梁思成与林徽因学成归国，带着《营造法式》去了沈阳，在张学良担任校长的东北大学创办了建筑系。但“九一八”事变中断了他们刚刚开始的事业。于是，梁思成加入“中国营造学社”，专心研究《营造法式》。

梁思成和林徽因的婚期是精心择定的，那天是《营造法式》作者李诫的生日；而他们的儿子取名梁从诫，也和李诫相关。可以说《营造法式》这时已成为牵动梁思成生命的一种力量。

而后，梁思成以田野考察的方式，在全国范围内调查古建筑。他听说有人见到过一张古建筑照片，于是顺藤摸瓜，乘车长途颠簸到一个小县城，终于找到了一座巍峨的建筑，这就是中国现存最早的楼阁，建于公元984年。据此，他发表了我国第一篇古建筑科学报告：《蓟县独乐寺观音阁山门考》。

河北民间小调《小放牛》中有一句唱：“赵县的桥，应县的塔。”梁思成想，既然赵县的桥确有其事，那应县的塔也不该子虚乌有。他据此找到了应县木塔！

梁思成在穷乡僻壤的艰辛是难以想象的，但我们能够体会到他踏破铁鞋、峰回路转时刻的兴奋：“黄昏时分，我蓦地看到在暗紫色的背景下有一颗闪光的宝石——那是在附近的群山环抱中一座红白相间的宝塔映照着金色的落日。”

梁思成甚至是徒手攀爬上十多米高的塔刹，测量了几千根的梁架斗拱，完成了这个中国现存最早的木塔的全部测绘工作。

In 1923, at Tsinghua University to study art-loving Sicheng soon graduated Him to take into account the United States to study, but not yet decided what school At this time Lin returned from Europe to recommend him building his own enthusiasm She said: "Western classical architecture inspired me to be filled with the desire to take some home We need to make a building a hundred years of architectural theory immortal!" So two people meet together to study the United States In this way, art and architecture works together, has become their life-long career

One day, Liang and Lin received a parcel from the homeland, are wrapped inside an ancient Song Dynasty "to create a French", author叫李commandment This is an official set out in the Northern Song Dynasty, similar to the architectural design of manuals and technical specifications of the building monographs, then no person can read Sicheng custody by virtue of their own learning experience, which implied the hieroglyphics are different and unique architecture of Western language and system, it is possible to open the Chinese are building a history of a key

Sicheng books are sent by the father of Liang Chi-chao, and found that "to create a French" manuscripts and published the book朱启钤, Liang Chi-chao are friends, he later founded China's first study of the ancient building of academic institutions, - to create a Society of China

Sicheng and Lin Huiyin Xuecheng returned with a "create a French" go in Shenyang, in northeast Zhang served as the principal founder of the University Department of Architecture However, "September 18" Incident interrupt their career has just begun Thus, Sicheng add "China Society to create", to concentrate on research "to create the French"

Sicheng and Lin Huiyin wedding are carefully selected, the day is "to create a French" author Lee's birthday commandment; and their son named Liang Congjie is also related to Lee commandment It can be said that "to create a French" at this time has become a Sicheng a force of life

Then, Sicheng way to field trips, a nationwide survey the ancient building He heard that someone had seen an ancient building photos, then allows for deeper investigation, a long bumpy ride to a small county, finally found a towering building, which is the earliest existing Chinese pavilion, built in the year AD 984 Accordingly, he published China's first ancient building scientific reports: "独乐寺Jixian Guanyinge Shanmen test"

Hebei civil Minor "small cattle" in the sentence has to sing: "赵县the bridge, the tower should be the county" Sicheng think, now that the bridge赵县true, then should not the county's non-existent tower He accordingly found Yingxian Wooden Tower!

Sicheng in rural hardships are unimaginable, but we can appreciate him踏破iron shoes, and winding paths of the exciting moment: "the evening, I suddenly saw the dark purple background has a flash of precious stones - that are in the vicinity of mountains in a red and white reflecting the golden pagoda sunset "

Sicheng even climbing on hand are more than 10 meters high塔刹, surveying the thousands of rootless梁架brackets to complete the earliest existing Wooden Pagoda in China of all survey and mapping work

回答者： 晴子の爱 - 见习魔法师 二级 2-18 18:51

In 1923, at Tsinghua University to study art-loving Sicheng soon graduated Him to take into account the United States to study, but not yet decided what school At this time Lin returned from Europe to recommend him building his own enthusiasm She said: "Western classical architecture inspired me to be filled with the desire to take some home We need to make a building a hundred years of architectural theory immortal!" So two people meet together to study the United States In this way, art and architecture works together, has become their life-long career

One day, Liang and Lin received a parcel from the homeland, are wrapped inside an ancient Song Dynasty "to create a French", author叫李commandment This is an official set out in the Northern Song Dynasty, similar to the architectural design of manuals and technical specifications of the building monographs, then no person can read Sicheng custody by virtue of their own learning experience, which implied the hieroglyphics are different and unique architecture of Western language and system, it is possible to open the Chinese are building a history of a key

Sicheng books are sent by the father of Liang Chi-chao, and found that "to create a French" manuscripts and published the book朱启钤, Liang Chi-chao are friends, he later founded China's first study of the ancient building of academic institutions, - to create a Society of China Sicheng and Lin Huiyin Xuecheng returned with a "create a French" go in Shenyang, in northeast Zhang served as the principal founder of the University Department of Architecture However, "September 18" Incident interrupt their career has just begun Thus, Sicheng add "China Society to create", to concentrate on research "to create the French"

Sicheng and Lin Huiyin wedding are carefully selected, the day is "to create a French" author Lee's birthday commandment; and their son named Liang Congjie is also related to Lee commandment It can be said that "to create a French" at this time has become a Sicheng a force of life Then, Sicheng way to field trips, a nationwide survey the ancient building He heard that someone had seen an ancient building photos, then allows for deeper investigation, a long bumpy ride to a small county, finally found a towering building, which is the earliest existing Chinese pavilion, built in the year AD 984 Accordingly, he published China's first scientific report of the ancient architectureJixian Guanyinge Shanmen test"

Hebei civil Minor "small cattle" in the sentence has to sing: "the bridge, the tower should be the county" Sicheng think, now that the bridgetrue, then should not the county's non-existent tower He accordingly found Yingxian Wooden Tower!

: "At dusk, I suddenly saw the dark purple background has a flash of precious stones - that are in the nearby mountains in a red and white reflecting the golden pagoda sunset" Sicheng and even bare hands to climb on more than 10 meters high, surveying the thousands of rootless brackets to complete the earliest existing Wooden Pagoda in China of all survey and mapping work

中国现存的古代典籍当中，最早出现“乌头门”之名的是在北魏杨街之的《洛阳伽蓝记》，当时著名的庙宇永宁寺的北门即是“乌头门”。

至宋代时，古籍《册府元龟》中，更是有对“乌头门”的明确记载，书中说道：正门阀阅一丈二尺，二柱相去一丈，柱端安瓦简、墨染，号乌头染。

同时，宋代李诫的《营造法式》中，还有对如何建造“乌头门”作了详细规定和介绍，书中写道：其名有三，一曰乌头大门，二曰表揭，三曰阀阅，今呼为棂星门。造乌头门之制，高八尺至二丈，广与高方，若高一丈五尺以上，减广不过五分之一，用双腰串，每扇各随其长于上腰，中心分作两分，腰上安子裎棂子，腰华以下并安障水版……挟门柱方八分，其长每门高一尺则加八寸，柱下栽入地内上施乌头。日月版长四寸广一寸二分厚一分五厘。

从这些记载中，我们可以清楚地看到，宋代的乌头门即是华表与坊门的结合物。由于“乌头门”华贵庄重，气势威严，就被当时有地位、有权势和有钱的大户人家纷纷用作建造府第大门。